how does windows boot

 Fallback bootloader

most bios have fallback bootloader as 

/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI

Windows Boot Manager

\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\bootmgfw.efi
 

Boot Configuration Data

\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\BCD

Windows Boot Manager BCD

identifier              {bootmgr}
device                  partition=\Device\HarddiskVolume1
path                    \EFI\Microsoft\Boot\bootmgfw.efi
description             Windows Boot Manager

Bcdedit /set {bootmgr} device partition=s:     // system partition
Get-WmiObject Win32_LogicalDisk
bcdedit /store bcd-template /enum all
Bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \efi\microsoft\boot\bootmgfw.efi
Bcdedit /set {fwbootmgr} displayorder {bootmgr} /addfirst

Windows Boot Loader BCD

identifier              {9f25ee7a-e7b7-11db-94b5-f7e662935912}
device                  partition=C:
path                    \Windows\system32\winload.efi
description             Microsoft Windows Server
locale                  en-US
inherit                 {bootloadersettings}
osdevice                partition=C:
systemroot              \Windows

Bcdedit /default {9f25ee7a-e7b7-11db-94b5-f7e662935912}
The device element specifies the partition that contains the boot application.     
The osdevice element specifies the partition that contains the system root.

Bcdedit /set {default} path \windows\system32\winload.efi

Windows Memory Tester BCD

identifier              {memdiag}
device                  partition=\Device\HarddiskVolume1
path                    \boot\memtest.exe
description             Windows Memory Diagnostic

Bcdedit /set {memdiag} path \efi\microsoft\boot\memtest.efi

Windows Boot Loader

C:\Windows\System32\winload.efi
Windows kernel

C:\Windows\System32\ntoskrnl.exe
Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)

C:\Windows\System32\hal.dll
drivers

C:\Windows\System32\drivers\
Session Manager

C:\Windows\System32\smss.exe
Winlogon process

C:\Windows\System32\winlogon.exe
shell

C:\Windows\explorer.exe


bcdedit.exe /set {globalsettings} graphicsresolution 800x600
bcdedit.exe /set {globalsettings} graphicsresolution 1024x600
bcdedit.exe /set {globalsettings} graphicsresolution 1024x768
bcdedit.exe /set {globalsettings} highestmode on