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make system rw android

if system.img is sparse first unsparse it

file system.img
system.img: Android sparse image, version: 1.0, Total of 460079 4096-byte output blocks in 36 input chunks.

simg2img system.img system.raw.img

# e2fsck -f system.raw.img

resize2fs system.raw.img 5G

e2fsck -E unshare_blocks system.raw.img

resize2fs -M system.raw.img

e2fsck -f -y system.raw.img

info compare

fdisk -l system.img
Disk system.img: 1.72 GiB, 1850331136 bytes, 3613928 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

sudo fdisk -l system.raw.img
Disk system.raw.img: 1.76 GiB, 1884483584 bytes, 3680632 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

fdisk -l system.raw.img
Disk system.raw.img: 2.36 GiB, 2532089856 bytes, 4945488 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

file system.raw.img
system.raw.img: Linux rev 1.0 ext2 filesystem data, UUID=6958ae8c-fe6c-48cd-9c84-0150f384ce2d (extents) (large files) (huge files)

resizing dynamic partition

needs fastbootd mode

fastboot reboot fastboot

FYLFUC5HCUNVKRLB fastboot usb:1-3
C:/home/k/opt/platform-tools> ./fastboot getvar all
(bootloader) cpu-abi:arm64-v8a
(bootloader) super-partition-name:super
(bootloader) is-logical:ocdt:no
(bootloader) is-logical:mmcblk0boot1:no
(bootloader) is-logical:cache:no
(bootloader) is-logical:tee2:no
(bootloader) is-logical:opporeserve3:no
(bootloader) is-logical:nvdata:no
(bootloader) is-logical:sspm_1:no
(bootloader) is-logical:expdb:no
(bootloader) is-logical:lk:no
(bootloader) is-logical:special_preload:no
(bootloader) is-logical:my_custom:no
(bootloader) is-logical:persist:no
(bootloader) is-logical:scp2:no
(bootloader) is-logical:md_udc:no
(bootloader) is-logical:protect1:no
(bootloader) is-logical:opporeserve1:no
(bootloader) is-logical:tee1:no
(bootloader) is-logical:scp1:no
(bootloader) is-logical:flashinfo:no
(bootloader) is-logical:lk2:no
(bootloader) is-logical:gz1:no
(bootloader) is-logical:logo:no
(bootloader) is-logical:seccfg:no
(bootloader) is-logical:nvram:no
(bootloader) is-logical:recovery:no
(bootloader) is-logical:frp:no
(bootloader) is-logical:spmfw:no
(bootloader) is-logical:boot_para:no
(bootloader) is-logical:cdt_engineering:no
(bootloader) is-logical:otp:no
(bootloader) is-logical:vbmeta:no
(bootloader) is-logical:protect2:no
(bootloader) is-logical:userdata:no
(bootloader) is-logical:proinfo:no
(bootloader) is-logical:para:no
(bootloader) is-logical:opporeserve2:no
(bootloader) is-logical:gz2:no
(bootloader) is-logical:oppo_custom:no
(bootloader) is-logical:metadata:no
(bootloader) is-logical:boot:no
(bootloader) is-logical:mmcblk0boot0:no
(bootloader) is-logical:vbmeta_vendor:no
(bootloader) is-logical:nvcfg:no
(bootloader) is-logical:md1img:no
(bootloader) is-logical:sspm_2:no
(bootloader) is-logical:dtbo:no
(bootloader) is-logical:sec1:no
(bootloader) is-logical:mmcblk0:no
(bootloader) is-logical:super:no
(bootloader) is-logical:vbmeta_system:no
(bootloader) is-logical:vendor:yes
(bootloader) is-logical:system:yes
(bootloader) is-logical:product:yes
(bootloader) is-logical:odm:yes
(bootloader) is-logical:my_product:yes
(bootloader) is-logical:my_engineering:yes
(bootloader) is-logical:my_stock:yes
(bootloader) is-logical:my_heytap:yes
(bootloader) is-logical:my_company:yes
(bootloader) is-logical:my_carrier:yes
(bootloader) is-logical:my_region:yes
(bootloader) is-logical:my_preload:yes
(bootloader) is-logical:my_manifest:yes
(bootloader) is-logical:scratch:yes
(bootloader) battery-voltage:4
(bootloader) treble-enabled:true
(bootloader) is-userspace:yes
(bootloader) partition-size:ocdt:0x800000
(bootloader) partition-size:mmcblk0boot1:0x400000
(bootloader) partition-size:cache:0x1B000000
(bootloader) partition-size:tee2:0x500000
(bootloader) partition-size:opporeserve3:0x4000000
(bootloader) partition-size:nvdata:0x4000000
(bootloader) partition-size:sspm_1:0x100000
(bootloader) partition-size:expdb:0x1400000
(bootloader) partition-size:lk:0x400000
(bootloader) partition-size:special_preload:0x30000000
(bootloader) partition-size:my_custom:0x10000000
(bootloader) partition-size:scp2:0x100000
(bootloader) partition-size:md_udc:0x169A000
(bootloader) partition-size:protect1:0x800000
(bootloader) partition-size:opporeserve1:0x800000
(bootloader) partition-size:tee1:0x500000
(bootloader) partition-size:scp1:0x100000
(bootloader) partition-size:flashinfo:0x1000000
(bootloader) partition-size:lk2:0x400000
(bootloader) partition-size:gz1:0x1000000
(bootloader) partition-size:logo:0x800000
(bootloader) partition-size:seccfg:0x800000
(bootloader) partition-size:nvram:0x4000000
(bootloader) partition-size:recovery:0x6200000
(bootloader) partition-size:frp:0x100000
(bootloader) partition-size:spmfw:0x100000
(bootloader) partition-size:boot_para:0x100000
(bootloader) partition-size:cdt_engineering:0x800000
(bootloader) partition-size:otp:0x2B00000
(bootloader) partition-size:vbmeta:0xC00000
(bootloader) partition-size:protect2:0xFDE000
(bootloader) partition-size:userdata:0xC45CFBE00
(bootloader) partition-size:proinfo:0x300000
(bootloader) partition-size:para:0x80000
(bootloader) partition-size:opporeserve2:0x8000000
(bootloader) partition-size:gz2:0x1000000
(bootloader) partition-size:oppo_custom:0x100000
(bootloader) partition-size:metadata:0x2000000
(bootloader) partition-size:boot:0x2000000
(bootloader) partition-size:mmcblk0boot0:0x400000
(bootloader) partition-size:vbmeta_vendor:0x800000
(bootloader) partition-size:nvcfg:0x2000000
(bootloader) partition-size:md1img:0x6400000
(bootloader) partition-size:sspm_2:0x100000
(bootloader) partition-size:dtbo:0x800000
(bootloader) partition-size:sec1:0x200000
(bootloader) partition-size:super:0x1B4C00000
(bootloader) partition-size:vbmeta_system:0x800000
(bootloader) partition-size:vendor:0x20E24000
(bootloader) partition-size:system:0x96ECA000
(bootloader) partition-size:product:0x20A000
(bootloader) partition-size:odm:0x7BCA000
(bootloader) partition-size:my_product:0x18EF000
(bootloader) partition-size:my_engineering:0x52000
(bootloader) partition-size:my_stock:0x2C5B3000
(bootloader) partition-size:my_heytap:0x486D9000
(bootloader) partition-size:my_company:0x55000
(bootloader) partition-size:my_carrier:0x55000
(bootloader) partition-size:my_region:0x55000
(bootloader) partition-size:my_preload:0x55000
(bootloader) partition-size:my_manifest:0x0
(bootloader) partition-size:scratch:0x5295C000
(bootloader) version-vndk:30
(bootloader) has-slot:ocdt:no
(bootloader) has-slot:mmcblk0boot1:no
(bootloader) has-slot:cache:no
(bootloader) has-slot:tee2:no
(bootloader) has-slot:opporeserve3:no
(bootloader) has-slot:nvdata:no
(bootloader) has-slot:sspm_1:no
(bootloader) has-slot:expdb:no
(bootloader) has-slot:lk:no
(bootloader) has-slot:special_preload:no
(bootloader) has-slot:my_custom:no
(bootloader) has-slot:persist:no
(bootloader) has-slot:scp2:no
(bootloader) has-slot:md_udc:no
(bootloader) has-slot:protect1:no
(bootloader) has-slot:opporeserve1:no
(bootloader) has-slot:tee1:no
(bootloader) has-slot:scp1:no
(bootloader) has-slot:flashinfo:no
(bootloader) has-slot:lk2:no
(bootloader) has-slot:gz1:no
(bootloader) has-slot:logo:no
(bootloader) has-slot:seccfg:no
(bootloader) has-slot:nvram:no
(bootloader) has-slot:recovery:no
(bootloader) has-slot:frp:no
(bootloader) has-slot:spmfw:no
(bootloader) has-slot:boot_para:no
(bootloader) has-slot:cdt_engineering:no
(bootloader) has-slot:otp:no
(bootloader) has-slot:vbmeta:no
(bootloader) has-slot:protect2:no
(bootloader) has-slot:userdata:no
(bootloader) has-slot:proinfo:no
(bootloader) has-slot:para:no
(bootloader) has-slot:opporeserve2:no
(bootloader) has-slot:gz2:no
(bootloader) has-slot:oppo_custom:no
(bootloader) has-slot:metadata:no
(bootloader) has-slot:boot:no
(bootloader) has-slot:mmcblk0boot0:no
(bootloader) has-slot:vbmeta_vendor:no
(bootloader) has-slot:nvcfg:no
(bootloader) has-slot:md1img:no
(bootloader) has-slot:sspm_2:no
(bootloader) has-slot:dtbo:no
(bootloader) has-slot:sec1:no
(bootloader) has-slot:mmcblk0:no
(bootloader) has-slot:super:no
(bootloader) has-slot:vbmeta_system:no
(bootloader) has-slot:vendor:no
(bootloader) has-slot:system:no
(bootloader) has-slot:product:no
(bootloader) has-slot:odm:no
(bootloader) has-slot:my_product:no
(bootloader) has-slot:my_engineering:no
(bootloader) has-slot:my_stock:no
(bootloader) has-slot:my_heytap:no
(bootloader) has-slot:my_company:no
(bootloader) has-slot:my_carrier:no
(bootloader) has-slot:my_region:no
(bootloader) has-slot:my_preload:no
(bootloader) has-slot:my_manifest:no
(bootloader) has-slot:scratch:no
(bootloader) security-patch-level:2099-12-31
(bootloader) vendor-fingerprint:realme/twrp_RMX2185/RMX2185:99.87.36/RQ1A.210205.004/root10031738:eng/test-keys
(bootloader) hw-revision:0
(bootloader) current-slot:
(bootloader) serialno:FYLFUC5HCUNVKRLB
(bootloader) product:RMX2185
(bootloader) version-os:99.87.36
(bootloader) first-api-level:29
(bootloader) slot-count:0
(bootloader) max-download-size:0x10000000
(bootloader) version:0.4
(bootloader) version-baseband:
(bootloader) secure:no
(bootloader) dynamic-partition:true
(bootloader) system-fingerprint:realme/twrp_RMX2185/RMX2185:99.87.36/RQ1A.210205.004/root10031738:eng/test-keys
(bootloader) version-bootloader:unknown
(bootloader) unlocked:yes
all:

make sure fastboot getvar is-userspace is yes

fastboot getvar partition-size:system

(bootloader) partition-size:super:0x1B4C00000 = 7,361,249,280 bytes (~6.85 GiB)

super partition is 6.85 gb

system

0x96ECA000

2,536,841,216

~2420 MB

scratch

0x5295C000

1,389,949,952

~1326 MB

my_heytap

0x486D9000

1,221,317,376

~1165 MB

my_stock

0x2C5B3000

748,822,400

~715 MB

vendor

0x20E24000

551,618,560

~526 MB

fastboot resize-logical-partition my_heytap 0

fastboot resize-logical-partition my_stock 0

fastboot resize-logical-partition system 3221225472

fastboot flash system system.raw.img

-------------

df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/block/dm-1 2.9G 2.3G 657M 79% / tmpfs 1.8G 2.0M 1.8G 1% /dev tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /mnt /dev/block/dm-4 25M 25M 76K 100% /mnt/vendor/my_product /dev/block/dm-5 232K 52K 180K 23% /mnt/vendor/my_engineering /dev/block/dm-6 236K 32K 204K 14% /mnt/vendor/my_company /dev/block/dm-7 232K 52K 180K 23% /mnt/vendor/my_carrier /dev/block/dm-8 236K 32K 204K 14% /mnt/vendor/my_region /dev/block/dm-9 236K 32K 204K 14% /mnt/vendor/my_preload /dev/block/mmcblk0p5 59M 196K 59M 1% /mnt/vendor/opporeserve /dev/block/dm-10 1.2G 56K 1.2G 1% /mnt/scratch /dev/block/mmcblk0p14 18M 196K 18M 2% /metadata overlay 1.2G 56K 1.2G 1% /vendor /dev/block/dm-3 123M 122M 400K 100% /odm tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /apex tmpfs 1.8G 216K 1.8G 1% /linkerconfig /dev/block/mmcblk0p44 402M 52K 402M 1% /cache /dev/block/mmcblk0p16 3.7M 116K 3.6M 4% /mnt/vendor/protect_f /dev/block/mmcblk0p17 11M 44K 11M 1% /mnt/vendor/protect_s /dev/block/mmcblk0p13 52M 1.4M 51M 3% /mnt/vendor/nvdata /dev/block/mmcblk0p12 24M 44K 24M 1% /mnt/vendor/nvcfg /dev/block/mmcblk0p19 42M 144K 42M 1% /mnt/vendor/persist none 1.8G 12M 1.8G 1% /mnt/phh /dev/block/mmcblk0p45 48G 55M 48G 1% /data /dev/block/loop6 4.5M 4.5M 28K 100% /apex/com.android.media@300000000 /dev/block/loop7 128M 125M 3.5M 98% /apex/com.android.vndk.v30@1 tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /data_mirror /dev/block/loop8 2.3M 2.3M 32K 99% /apex/com.android.resolv@300000000 /dev/block/loop9 5.5M 5.5M 28K 100% /apex/com.android.neuralnetworks@300000000 /dev/block/loop10 5.0M 4.9M 36K 100% /apex/com.android.runtime@1 /dev/block/loop11 8.6M 8.6M 28K 100% /apex/com.android.permission@300000000 /dev/block/loop12 1.6M 1.6M 28K 99% /apex/com.android.os.statsd@300000000 /dev/block/loop13 3.8M 3.8M 28K 100% /apex/com.android.extservices@300000000 /dev/block/loop14 524K 496K 28K 95% /apex/com.android.ipsec@300000000 /dev/block/loop15 232K 92K 140K 40% /apex/com.android.apex.cts.shim@1 /dev/block/loop16 6.3M 6.3M 32K 100% /apex/com.android.cellbroadcast@300000000 /dev/block/loop17 7.5M 7.5M 28K 100% /apex/com.android.adbd@300000000 /dev/block/loop18 4.7M 4.7M 28K 100% /apex/com.android.wifi@300000000 /dev/block/loop19 82M 82M 32K 100% /apex/com.android.art@1 /dev/block/loop20 876K 848K 28K 97% /apex/com.android.tethering@300000000 /dev/block/loop21 808K 780K 28K 97% /apex/com.android.tzdata@300000000 /dev/block/loop22 18M 18M 28K 100% /apex/com.android.media.swcodec@300000000 /dev/block/loop23 3.8M 3.8M 28K 100% /apex/com.android.mediaprovider@300000000 /dev/block/loop24 4.6M 4.5M 28K 100% /apex/com.android.conscrypt@300000000 /dev/block/loop25 336K 304K 32K 91% /apex/com.android.sdkext@300000000 /dev/block/loop26 24M 24M 32K 100% /apex/com.android.i18n@1 /dev/block/loop27 89M 89M 32K 100% /apex/com.android.vndk.v27@1 /dev/block/loop28 89M 89M 44K 100% /apex/com.android.vndk.v28@1 /dev/block/loop29 98M 98M 32K 100% /apex/com.android.vndk.v29@1 /data/media 48G 55M 48G 1% /mnt/runtime/default/emulated /dev/fuse 48G 55M 48G 1% /storage/emulated

git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/unix3dgforce/lpunpack

cd lpunpack

usage: lpunpack.py [-h] [-p NAME] [-S NUM] SUPER_IMAGE OUTPUT_DIR

 	-h, --help show this help message and exit  
	-p NAME, --partition NAME Extract the named partition. This can be specified multiple times or through the delimiter ["," ":"]  
	-S NUM, --slot NUM !!! No implementation yet !!! Slot number (default is 0).  
	--info, --no-info Displays pretty-printed partition metadata (default: False)
	-f {text,json}, --format {text,json}  Choice the format for printing info

positional arguments:

	SUPER_IMAGE  
	OUTPUT_DIR

python3 lpunpack.py ../android/ofp/super.img --info Slot 0: Metadata version: 10.0 Metadata size: 1252 bytes Metadata max size: 65536 bytes Metadata slot count: 2 Header flags: none Partition table: ------------------------ Name: vendor Group: main Attributes: readonly Extents: 0 .. 1077535 linear super 2048 ------------------------ Name: system Group: main Attributes: readonly Extents: 0 .. 4432735 linear super 1081344 ------------------------ Name: product Group: main Attributes: readonly Extents: 0 .. 4175 linear super 5515264 ------------------------ Name: odm Group: main Attributes: readonly Extents: 0 .. 253519 linear super 5521408 ------------------------ Name: my_product Group: main Attributes: readonly Extents: 0 .. 51063 linear super 5775360 ------------------------ Name: my_engineering Group: main Attributes: readonly Extents: 0 .. 655 linear super 5826560 ------------------------ Name: my_stock Group: main Attributes: readonly Extents: 0 .. 1453463 linear super 5828608 ------------------------ Name: my_heytap Group: main Attributes: readonly Extents: 0 .. 2373319 linear super 7282688 ------------------------ Name: my_company Group: main Attributes: readonly Extents: 0 .. 679 linear super 9656320 ------------------------ Name: my_carrier Group: main Attributes: readonly Extents: 0 .. 679 linear super 9658368 ------------------------ Name: my_region Group: main Attributes: readonly Extents: 0 .. 679 linear super 9660416 ------------------------ Name: my_preload Group: main Attributes: readonly Extents: 0 .. 679 linear super 9662464 ------------------------ Name: my_manifest Group: main Attributes: readonly Extents: ------------------------ Super partition layout: ------------------------ super: 2048 .. 1079584: vendor (1077536 sectors) super: 1081344 .. 5514080: system (4432736 sectors) super: 5515264 .. 5519440: product (4176 sectors) super: 5521408 .. 5774928: odm (253520 sectors) super: 5775360 .. 5826424: my_product (51064 sectors) super: 5826560 .. 5827216: my_engineering (656 sectors) super: 5828608 .. 7282072: my_stock (1453464 sectors) super: 7282688 .. 9656008: my_heytap (2373320 sectors) super: 9656320 .. 9657000: my_company (680 sectors) super: 9658368 .. 9659048: my_carrier (680 sectors) super: 9660416 .. 9661096: my_region (680 sectors) super: 9662464 .. 9663144: my_preload (680 sectors) ------------------------ Block device table: ------------------------ Partition name: super First sector: 2048 Size: 7327449088 bytes Flags: none ------------------------ Group table: ------------------------ Name: default Maximum size: 0 bytes Flags: none ------------------------ Name: main Maximum size: 7325351936 bytes Flags: none

python3 lpunpack.py ../android/ofp/super.img ex -p vendor

python3 lpunpack.py ../android/ofp/super.img ex -p odm

python3 lpunpack.py ../android/ofp/super.img ex -p product

python3 lpunpack.py ../android/ofp/super.img ex -p my_product,my_engineering,my_stock,my_heytap,my_company,my_company,my_region,my_preload

Filesystem volume name: vendor Last mounted on: /vendor Filesystem UUID: 6b580801-6b33-5c38-955f-6808a0512ff5 Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: ext_attr dir_index filetype extent sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize shared_blocks Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash Default mount options: user_xattr acl Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 2400 Block count: 132545 Reserved block count: 0 Free blocks: 407 Free inodes: 63 First block: 0 Block size: 4096 Fragment size: 4096 Blocks per group: 32768 Fragments per group: 32768 Inodes per group: 480 Inode blocks per group: 30 Filesystem created: Thu Jan 1 05:45:00 2009 Last mount time: n/a Last write time: Thu Jan 1 05:45:00 2009 Mount count: 0 Maximum mount count: -1 Last checked: Thu Jan 1 05:45:00 2009 Check interval: 0 (<none>) Lifetime writes: 1 kB Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 256 Required extra isize: 32 Desired extra isize: 32 Default directory hash: half_md4 Directory Hash Seed: aa5a73e4-8248-5467-a274-88a7c0fad1bc Directories: 85 Group 0: block bitmap at 2, inode bitmap at 3, inode table at 4 0 free blocks, 0 free inodes, 19 used directories, 0 unused inodes [Checksum 0x222f] Group 1: block bitmap at 32770, inode bitmap at 32771, inode table at 32772 0 free blocks, 0 free inodes, 17 used directories, 0 unused inodes [Checksum 0xcf1d] Group 2: block bitmap at 65536, inode bitmap at 65537, inode table at 65538 0 free blocks, 0 free inodes, 20 used directories, 0 unused inodes [Checksum 0x8e5c] Group 3: block bitmap at 98306, inode bitmap at 98307, inode table at 98308 0 free blocks, 0 free inodes, 8 used directories, 0 unused inodes [Checksum 0x4867] Group 4: block bitmap at 131072, inode bitmap at 131073, inode table at 131074 407 free blocks, 63 free inodes, 21 used directories, 63 unused inodes [Checksum 0x7577]

resize2fs vendor.img 5G

e2fsck -E unshare_blocks vendor.img

resize2fs -M vendor.img

e2fsck -f -y vendor.img

fastboot flash vendor vendor.img

android device mapper

ls -l /dev/block/mapper/ total 0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 260 2025-05-17 22:39 by-uuid lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 2025-05-17 22:38 my_carrier -> /dev/block/dm-7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 2025-05-17 22:38 my_company -> /dev/block/dm-6 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 2025-05-17 22:38 my_engineering -> /dev/block/dm-5 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 2025-05-17 22:38 my_preload -> /dev/block/dm-9 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 2025-05-17 22:38 my_product -> /dev/block/dm-4 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 2025-05-17 22:38 my_region -> /dev/block/dm-8 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 2025-05-17 22:38 odm -> /dev/block/dm-3 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 2025-05-17 22:39 product -> /dev/block/dm-2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 2025-05-17 22:39 scratch -> /dev/block/dm-10 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 2025-05-17 22:38 system -> /dev/block/dm-1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 2025-05-17 22:38 vendor -> /dev/block/dm-0

dmctl list devices Available Device Mapper Devices: product : 252:2 my_product : 252:4 vendor : 252:0 system : 252:1 my_carrier : 252:7 my_engineering : 252:5 my_region : 252:8 my_company : 252:6 my_preload : 252:9 odm : 252:3 scratch : 252:10

dmctl table system Targets in the device-mapper table for system: 0-3680632: linear, 259:10 1081344 3680632-4945488: linear, 259:10 11605280 4945488-6291456: linear, 259:10 5828608

This shows the start sector (0), size (3680632), target type (linear), block device (259:10), and offset (1081344).

dmctl table vendor Targets in the device-mapper table for vendor: 0-1077536: linear, 259:10 2048 1077536-1180456: linear, 259:10 7174576

adb shell dd if=/dev/block/dm-1 of=/data/vendor-rw.img

e2fsck -E unshare_blocks /data/vendor-rw.img

dumpe2fs -h vendor.img
dumpe2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
Filesystem volume name:   vendor
Last mounted on:          /vendor
Filesystem UUID:          6b580801-6b33-5c38-955f-6808a0512ff5
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #:    1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features:      ext_attr dir_index filetype extent sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags:         signed_directory_hash
Default mount options:    user_xattr acl
Filesystem state:         clean
Errors behavior:          Continue
Filesystem OS type:       Linux
Inode count:              2400
Block count:              147557
Reserved block count:     0
Free blocks:              2330
Free inodes:              63
First block:              0
Block size:               4096
Fragment size:            4096
Blocks per group:         32768
Fragments per group:      32768
Inodes per group:         480
Inode blocks per group:   30
Filesystem created:       Thu Jan 1 05:45:00 2009
Last mount time:          n/a
Last write time:          Sat May 17 22:29:21 2025
Mount count:              0
Maximum mount count:      -1
Last checked:             Sat May 17 22:29:21 2025
Check interval:           0 (<none>)
Lifetime writes:          53 MB
Reserved blocks uid:      0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid:      0 (group root)
First inode:              11
Inode size:              256
Required extra isize:     32
Desired extra isize:      32
Default directory hash:   half_md4
Directory Hash Seed:      aa5a73e4-8248-5467-a274-88a7c0fad1bc

avbctl get-verity verity is disabled.

avbctl get-verification verification is disabled.

unpack and repack android boot.img in linux

download latest magisk apk

https://github.com/topjohnwu/Magisk

https://github.com/topjohnwu/Magisk/releases

https://github.com/topjohnwu/Magisk/releases/download/v29.0/Magisk-v29.0.apk

`extract magiskboot`

libmagiskboot.so from apk using any tool for your arch mine is x86_64

unzip -j Magisk-v29.0.apk lib/x86_64/libmagiskboot.so

this is static binary than a .so file rename it and put in $PATH location

mv libmagiskboot.so magiskboot

chmod +x magiskboot

unpacking

unpack boot.img

magiskboot unpack boot.img

eg:

magiskboot unpack boot-ui2.img
Parsing boot image: [boot-ui2.img]
HEADER_VER      [2]
KERNEL_SZ       [13997124]
RAMDISK_SZ      [917271]
SECOND_SZ       [0]
RECOV_DTBO_SZ   [0]
DTB_SZ          [140627]
OS_VERSION      [11.0.0]
OS_PATCH_LEVEL [2022-07]
PAGESIZE        [2048]
NAME            []
CMDLINE         [bootopt=64S3,32N2,64N2 buildvariant=user]
CHECKSUM        [23a7cfd44b419927992e5576cab76099992c4561000000000000000000000000]
KERNEL_FMT      [gzip]
RAMDISK_FMT     [gzip]
unknown/unsupported ASN.1 DER tag: 0x00
VBMETA

Files

dtb kernel ramdisk.cpio

kernel are gzipped for MTK device so decompress it and replace and repack it

repacking

magiskboot repack boot.img boot-new.img

it takes new files from pwd

xfwm4 themeing

left-active.xpm
left-inactive.xpm

right-active.xpm
right-inactive.xpm

bottom-active.xpm
bottom-inactive.xpm
bottom-left-active.xpm
bottom-left-inactive.xpm
bottom-right-active.xpm
bottom-right-inactive.xpm

top-left-active.xpm
top-left-inactive.xpm
top-right-active.xpm
top-right-inactive.xpm

close-active.xpm
close-inactive.xpm
close-prelight.xpm
close-pressed.xpm

hide-active.xpm
hide-inactive.xpm
hide-prelight.xpm
hide-pressed.xpm

maximize-active.xpm
maximize-inactive.xpm
maximize-prelight.xpm
maximize-pressed.xpm
maximize-toggled-active.xpm
maximize-toggled-inactive.xpm
maximize-toggled-prelight.xpm
maximize-toggled-pressed.xpm

menu-active.xpm
menu-inactive.xpm
menu-prelight.xpm
menu-pressed.xpm

shade-active.xpm
shade-inactive.xpm
shade-prelight.xpm
shade-pressed.xpm
shade-toggled-active.xpm
shade-toggled-inactive.xpm
shade-toggled-prelight.xpm
shade-toggled-pressed.xpm

stick-active.xpm
stick-inactive.xpm
stick-prelight.xpm
stick-pressed.xpm
stick-toggled-active.xpm
stick-toggled-inactive.xpm
stick-toggled-prelight.xpm
stick-toggled-pressed.xpm

title-1-active.xpm
title-1-inactive.xpm
title-2-active.xpm
title-2-inactive.xpm
title-3-active.xpm
title-3-inactive.xpm
title-4-active.xpm
title-4-inactive.xpm
title-5-active.xpm
title-5-inactive.xpm

xpm format

XPM image is made of different sections, the values that describe the format of the image, the colors that compose the image, the pixels

A character is assigned to each color of the image (if the image has more colors than available charaters, then more than a single character can be assiged to a colors). If a color symbol is specified, the given color will be ignored and replaced by the corresponding color in the color symbol table.

To get the gtk colors applied to your theme, you need to edit the XPM files and add the proper color symbols to the color definition table.

Header/Format Section

This section defines the image dimensions, number of colors, and characters per pixel.

static char *image_name[] = {
  "W H N C PP",  // Format string
  ...
};

W = Width (in pixels)
H = Height (in pixels)
N = Number of colors in the color table
C = Characters per pixel (usually 1, but can be more for many colors)
PP (optional) = Hotspot coordinates for cursors (e.g., 1 1 for a pointer)

Color Table
Each color is defined by a line mapping a character sequence to a color value.
Format:
"KEY c COLOR s SYMBOL"
- KEY = Character(s) representing the color (length = C from the header).
- c COLOR = Defines the color (can be #RGB, #RRGGBB, rgb:RR/GG/BB, or color names like red).
- s SYMBOL (optional) = Symbolic color name (e.g., foreground, background). If specified, the actual color is replaced by the system's theme color.
```
"  c #FFFFFF s background",  // White, uses GTK theme's background
"X c #FF0000 s foreground",  // Red, uses GTK theme's foreground
". c none",                  // Transparent
```
```
 
```
  Pixel Data
Each line represents a row of pixels, where each character corresponds to a color key from the table.
Example for a 3x3 image:

" ",
" X ",
" "

Color Symbols

By using symbolic names (e.g., s background), the color dynamically adapts to the system/theme (useful for GTK+/Qt theming).
Example: If your GTK theme uses dark mode, s background might resolve to #222222 instead of the hardcoded #FFFFFF

Transparency
Defined with c none (no color)

Multi-Character Keys

If the image has >94 colors (ASCII printable chars), C (chars per pixel) increases (e.g., 2 for AA, AB, etc.).

Comments

XPM files can include C-style comments (/* ... */).

/* XPM */
static char *example_xpm[] = {
"4 4 2 1",       // 4x4 pixels, 2 colors, 1 char per pixel
" c #000000",   // Black
". c #FFFFFF",   // White
"    ",
" .. ",
" .. ",
"    "
};

This draws a 2x2 white square centered in a 4x4 black canvas.

GTK+ Theming with XPM

To make icons adapt to the user's theme:
Replace hardcoded colors with symbolic names (e.g., s foreground).

Common Symbolic Color Names

Gtk Color pickup

As you have no doubt noticed when using Xfwm4's default theme, the theme uses the colors of the current Gtk theme. Colors for an XFWM theme can be defined in the theme's themrc file. If they are not defined there, they are picked up from the current Gtk theme. The following colors are used:

Name	Gtk value	Description
active_text_color	fg[selected]	Text color on title for active window
inactive_text_color	fg[insensitive]	Text color on title for inactive window
active_text_shadow_color	dark[selected]	Shadow color for active window's title
inactive_text_shadow_color	dark[insensitive]	Shadow color for inactive window's title
active_border_color	fg[normal]	Very rarely used usually set to black
inactive_border_color	fg[normal]	Idem
active_color_1	bg[selected]	Background color for active title
active_color_2	bg[normal]	Background color for active window
active_hilight_1	light[selected]	Lighter color for active title for 3D look
active_hilight_2	light[normal]	Lighter color for active window
active_mid_1	mid[selected]	Slightly darker color for active title
active_mid_2	mid[normal]	Slightly darker color for active window
active_shadow_1	darkselected[]	Darker color for active title for 3D look
active_shadow_2	dark[normal]	Darker color for active window
inactive_color_1	bg[insensitive]	Background color for inactive title
inactive_color_2	bg[normal]	Background color for inactive window
inactive_hilight_1	light[insensitive]	Lighter color for inactive title for 3D look
inactive_hilight_2	light[normal]	Lighter color for inactive window
inactive_mid_1	mid[insensitive]	Slightly darker color for inactive title
inactive_mid_2	mid[normal]	Slightly darker color for inactive window
inactive_shadow_1	dark[insensitive]	Darker color for inactive title for 3D look
inactive_shadow_2	dark[normal]	Darker color for inactive window

The Gtk values “fg” and “bg” are defined in the gtkrc file of the current Gtk theme. Please notice that the values “dark”, “light” and “mid” can not be defined in the gtkrc but are computed (dark = 0.7 * bg, light = 1.3 * bg, mid = 0.5 * (dark + light)). The symbols get replaced by the actual color values at runtime so that the window border can inherit Gtk theme colors automatically, unless they are defined in the themerc.

To use the defined colors in the XFWM theme, the XPM files have to be edited. Since XPM files are plain text, they can be edited with your favorite text editor.

Ensure the color table includes mappings like:

"X c #000000 s foreground",  // Uses theme's text color
"o c #FFFFFF s background",  // Uses theme's base color

for i in {1..5}; do 
  ln -sf title.png "title-$i-active.png";
  ln -sf title.png "title-$i-inactive.png"; 
done

svg

 title.svg

<svg width="40" height="32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <defs>
    <linearGradient id="aero-gradient" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1">
      <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#f0f7ff" />
      <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#d2e0f7" />
      <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#b0c0e1" />
    </linearGradient>
  </defs>
  <rect width="40" height="32" fill="url(#aero-gradient)" />
</svg>

 for i in {1..5}; do 
  ln -sf title.svg "title-$i-active.svg";
  ln -sf title.svg "title-$i-inactive.svg"; 
done

borders

for f in left right  top-left top-right; do
    ln -sf border.svg  $f-active.svg
done

for f in bottom bottom-left bottom-right; do

   ln -sf border-h.svg  $f-active.svg
done

for f in left right  top-left top-right; do
    ln -sf border-i.svg  $f-inactive.svg
done

for f in bottom bottom-left bottom-right;

 do   ln -sf border-h-i.svg  $f-inactive.svg
done

xpm

title.xpm

/* XPM */
static char * title_xpm[] = {
"8 30 2 1",
" c None",
". c #FFFFFF s active_color_1 ",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........",
"........"};

title-inactive.xpm

same as title.xpm just color change from active_color_1 to inactive_color_1

for i in {1..5}; do 
  ln -sf title.xpm "title-$i-active.xpm";
done

for i in {1..5}; do 
  ln -sf title-inactive.xpm "title-$i-inactive.xpm"; 
done

for f in left right  top-left top-right bottom bottom-left bottom-right ; do

ln -sf border-inactive.xpm  $f-inactive.xpm

done

for f in top-left top-right left right  bottom bottom-right bottom-left  ; do

ln -sf border.xpm  $f-active.xpm

done

src

https://wiki.xfce.org/howto/xfwm4_theme