container video format

got to ~/.xdm-app-data/Data/*.state

cat dec.py

import os
import re

# Define the pattern to extract the segment number
pattern = re.compile(r'seg-(\d+)-v1-a1\.ts')

# Get the current working directory
current_directory = os.getcwd()

# List to hold tuples of (segment_number, filename)
files_with_segments = []

# Iterate through files in the current directory
for filename in os.listdir(current_directory):
    match = pattern.search(filename)
    if match:
        # Extract the segment number as an integer
        segment_number = int(match.group(1))
        # Add the tuple (segment_number, filename) to the list
        files_with_segments.append((segment_number, filename))

# Sort the list by the segment number (numerical sort)
files_with_segments.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])

# Open the filelist.txt for writing
with open('filelist.txt', 'w') as filelist:
    for _, filename in files_with_segments:
        filelist.write(f"file '{filename}'\n")

python dec.py

check if filelist is random--sorted_number_1_to_xxx-v1-a1.ts

ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i filelist.txt  -c copy output.mp4

winpe boot https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/winpe-install-on-a-hard-drive--flat-boot-or-non-ram?view=windows-11

download winpe https://www.osdcloud.com/sandbox/winpe-downloads

extract sources 7zz x WinPE_Win11_22H2_WinRE_KB5026372.iso sources/boot.wim

no windows/dism sudo apt install wimtools

sudo mkfs.ntfs /dev/sda5 -Q

wimlib-imagex info Downloads/sources/boot.wim WIM Information:

Path: Downloads/sources/boot.wim GUID: 0x33ab2332b84c9243af5a1ed3f6351e00 Version: 68864 Image Count: 1 Compression: LZX Chunk Size: 32768 bytes Part Number: 1/1 Boot Index: 1 Size: 714629785 bytes Attributes: Relative path junction

Available Images:

Index: 1 Name: Microsoft Windows PE (x64) Description: Microsoft Windows Recover Environment (amd64) Directory Count: 6678 File Count: 24969 Total Bytes: 3627727209 Hard Link Bytes: 1809449085 Creation Time: Sat May 07 05:53:32 2022 UTC Last Modification Time: Thu May 18 05:40:41 2023 UTC Architecture: x86_64 Product Name: Microsoft® Windows® Operating System Edition ID: WindowsPE Installation Type: WindowsPE Product Type: WinNT Languages: en-US Default Language: en-US System Root: WINDOWS Major Version: 10 Minor Version: 0 Build: 22621 Service Pack Build: 1702 Service Pack Level: 0 WIMBoot compatible: no

wimapply Downloads/sources/boot.wim 1 /mnt [WARNING] Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY of 43 files [WARNING] Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN of 82 files [WARNING] Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM of 94 files [WARNING] Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED of 73 files [WARNING] Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED of 61 files [WARNING] Ignoring Windows NT security descriptors of 23587 files [WARNING] Ignoring DOS names of 16803 files

BCDboot P:\Windows /s P: /f ALL

Windows\System32\winpeshl.ini loads recovery env

https://explorerplusplus.com/

sudo apt install wimtools

wimlib-imagex info install.wim
WIM Information:
----------------
Path:           install.wim
GUID:           0x1626279bda8f6646beb5f06483daa68c
Version:        68864
Image Count:    1
Compression:    LZX
Chunk Size:     32768 bytes
Part Number:    1/1
Boot Index:     0
Size:           591144044 bytes
Attributes:     Integrity info, Relative path junction

Available Images:
-----------------
Index:                  1
Name:                   Windows 7 ULTIMATE
Description:            Windows 7 ULTIMATE
Display Name:           Windows 7 Ultimate
Display Description:    Windows 7 Ultimate
Directory Count:        6276
File Count:             25093
Total Bytes:            2507043331
Hard Link Bytes:        3504554899
Creation Time:          Tue Jul 14 05:24:44 2009 UTC
Last Modification Time: Mon Aug 03 07:40:10 2009 UTC
Architecture:           x86
Product Name:           Microsoft® Windows® Operating System
HAL:                    acpiapic
Product Type:           WinNT
Product Suite:          Terminal Server
Languages:              en-US
Default Language:       en-US
System Root:            WINDOWS
Major Version:          6
Minor Version:          1
Build:                  7600
Service Pack Build:     16385
Service Pack Level:     0
Flags:                  Ultimate
WIMBoot compatible:     no

sudo apt install ntfs-3g

sudo mkfs.ntfs /dev/sda2 -Q

sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt

wimapply install.wim 1 /mnt

https://github.com/manatails/uefiseven/releases

7zz x uefi7.zip

cp esp/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_video_container_formats

container video format

containers refer to the file that contained encoded audio and video , with metadata, subtitle , chapter etc

MP4 (MPEG-4 Part 14) Patent encumbered Codecs: H.264, H.265 (HEVC), AAC

MKV (Matroska Video) Freely licensed Codecs: H.264, H.265, VP9.

AVI (Audio Video Interleave) Proprietary Codecs: DivX, Xvid, MPEG-4. no streaming

MOV (Apple QuickTime Movie) Codecs: H.264, ProRes.

FLV (Flash Video) Codecs: Sorenson Spark, VP6.

WebM(google) Royalty-free Codecs: VP8, VP9, AV1.

MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) MPEG-1, MPEG-2.

MPEG-2 is considered outdated but its simplicity for modern hardware and widespread adoption in distribution standards make it difficult to phase out completely. However, its licensing fees and costs often lead device manufacturers to avoid supporting it when possible which is why many portable and embedded devices lack MPEG-2 compatibility.

Interlaced Video Supported Intraframe compression Supported, but extremely uncommon outside MPEG-IMX Subsampling Ratios 4:2:0 or 4:2:2 Color bit depth 8-bit Common containers MPEG-PS, MPEG-TS, MXF, VOB, MOV in some Final Cut workflows, MKV possible but exceedingly rare Alpha channel : Not supported Stereoscopy : Not officially supported

Ogg (ogg,ogv) Open source

Intraframe vs. Interframe compression

Intraframe compression treats each frame as an independent image, compressing it individually without relying on other frames, similar to how frames on a film reel are stored separately. interframe compression encodes multiple frames together in a structure called a Group of Pictures (GoP). A typical GoP represents half a second to a second of video but can vary depending on its intended use. There are also Open GoPs, which lack fixed boundaries and conclude arbitrarily when encoding stops. Despite the term, Open GoPs are essentially variable-length GoPs.

Each GoP begins with an I-frame (or "keyframe"), a fully self-contained image compressed independently. Following the I-frame are P-frames and B-frames, which only store changes from preceding or succeeding frames. These changes are captured using macroblocks, which include new visual data, and motion vectors, which describe the movement of macroblocks within the frame.

As P-frames and B-frames depend on other frames within the GoP, decoding any frame (except the I-frame) requires processing the entire GoP. This reliance makes interframe compression computationally intensive to encode and decode. However, by reducing redundancy across frames, interframe compression achieves a higher compression ratio, making it efficient for storage and streaming. Still, due to the loss of visual data deemed redundant, it is unsuitable for archival purposes.

Profiles and Levels

Profiles specify the range of encoding features available, while levels indicate the amount of data and performance requirements. By combining profiles and levels, a decoder can outline its maximum computational capacity and data-handling capability. This information allows video to be encoded in a way that ensures compatibility with the target decoder.

codecs

HEVC(High Efficiency Video Coding) / H.265/ MPEG-H Part 2 Patent encumbered , MPEG LA license sucessor to Advanced Video Coding (AVC, H.264, or MPEG-4 Part 10) max resolution 8192×4320

MPEG-4 AVC (H.264) Patent encumbered

btih

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_hash_table

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainline_DHT

DHT (Distributed Hash Table)

share files without the need for a central server

DHT operates as a peer-to-peer network

magnet:?xt=urn:btih:info_hash&dn=filename&tr=tracker_url

xt stands for "exact topic," and it specifies the type of identifier.

urn:btih: is a standard identifier for BitTorrent info hashes.

info_hash is the unique SHA1 hash of the torrent’s metadata (file structure, file names, etc.), which is the key piece of information needed to find and identify the content.

dn=filename (optional):

dn stands for "display name." This  field specifies the name of the file or content, which is useful for users to identify the torrent.

? separates the base URL from the parameters, and & separates multiple parameters

cat </dev/tcp/time.nist.gov/13

60654 24-12-10 08:19:07 00 0 0 816.6 UTC(NIST) * 

nist time
13 : tcp/udp  : Daytime Protocol (RFC 867):
37 : tcp : Time Protocol (RFC 868) 32 bit unix time
123 : udp : Network Time Protocol (NTP, RFC 5905) 


bash timescew.sh

nist_response=$(cat </dev/tcp/time.nist.gov/13)
nist_timestamp=$(echo $nist_response | awk '{print $2 " " $3}')
nist_unix_time=$(date --date="$nist_timestamp UTC" +%s)
system_time=$(date +%s)
skew=$((system_time - nist_unix_time))


# Output the results
echo "System time: $system_time (Unix timestamp)"
echo "NIST time: $nist_unix_time (Unix timestamp)"
echo "Time skew (offset): $skew ms"


# we could get accuracy up to ms using %s%3N but network pings might be in ms

to set time

sudo date -s @unixtime

view datefrom stamp

date -d @timestamp

[https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_large_numbers]

[http://www.lekno.ws/A/bignumb.html]

Scientific Notation	American Name (Short Form)	Old European Name (Long Form)	Old British Name	SI Symbol	Metric Prefix
1	One	One	One
10	Ten	Ten	Ten	da	Deca-
100	Hundred	Hundred	Hundred	c	Cent-
1,000	Thousand	Thousand	Thousand	k	Kilo-
10,000	Ten thousand	Ten thousand	Ten thousand
100,000	Hundred thousand	Hundred thousand	Hundred thousand
1,000,000	Million	Million	Million	M	Mega-
10^9	Billion	Milliard	Thousand million	G	Giga-
10^12	Trillion	Billion	Billion	T	Tera-
10^15	Quadrillion	Billiard	Thousand billion	P	Peta-
10^18	Quintillion	Trillion	Trillion	E	Exa-
10^21	Sextillion	Trilliard	Thousand trillion	Z	Zetta-
10^24	Septillion	Quadrillion	Quadrillion	Y	Yotta-
10^27	Octillion	Quadrilliard	Thousand quadrillion	R	Ronna-
10^30	Nonillion	Quintillion	Quintillion	Q	Quetta-
10^33	Decillion	Quintilliard	Thousand quintillion
10^36	Undecillion	Sextillion	Sextillion
10^39	Duodecillion	Sextilliard	Thousand sextillion
10^42	Tredecillion	Septillion	Septillion
10^45	Quattuordecillion	Septilliard	Thousand septillion
10^48	Quindecillion	Octillion	Octillion
10^51	Sexdecillion	Octilliard	Thousand octillion
10^54	Septendecillion	Nonillion	Nonillion
10^57	Octodecillion	Nonilliard	Thousand nonillion
10^60	Novemdecillion	Decillion	Decillion
10^63	Vigintillion	Decilliard	Thousand decillion
10^66	Unvigintillion	Undecillion	Unvigintillion
10^69	Duovigintillion	Undecilliard	Thousand undecillion
10^72	Trevigintillion	Duodecillion	Duodecillion
10^75	Quattuorvigintillion	Duodecilliard	Thousand duodecillion
10^78	Quinvigintillion	Tredecillion	Tredecillion
10^81	Sexvigintillion	Tredecilliard	Thousand tredecillion
10^84	Septenvigintillion	Quattuordecillion	Quattuordecillion
10^87	Octovigintillion	Quattuordecilliard	Thousand quattuordecillion
10^90	Novemvigintillion	Quindecillion	Quindecillion
10^93	Trigintillion	Quindecilliard	Thousand quindecillion
10^96	Untrigintillion	Sexdecillion	Sexdecillion
10^99	Duotrigintillion	Sexdecilliard	Thousand sexdecillion
10^100	Googol	Googol	Googol
10^102	Tretrigintillion	Septendecillion	Septendecillion
10^105	Quattuortrigintillion	Septendecilliard	Thousand septendecillion
10^108	Quintrigintillion	Octillion	Octillion
10^111	Sextrigintillion	Octodecilliard	Thousand octodecillion
10^114	Septentrigintillion	Novemdecillion	Novemdecillion
10^117	Octotrigintillion	Novemdecilliard	Thousand novemdecillion
10^120	Novemtrigintillion	Vigintillion	Vigintillion
10^123	Quadragintillion	Vigintilliard	Thousand vigintillion
10^126	Unquadragintillion	Unvigintillion	Unvigintillion
10^153	Quinquagintillion	Quinvigintilliard
10^183	Sexagintillion	Trigintilliard
10^213	Septuagintillion	Quintrigintilliard
10^243	Octogintillion	Quadragintilliard
10^273	Nonagintillion	Quinquadragintilliard
10^303	Centillion	Quinquagintilliard
10^306	Cenuntillion	Quinquagintilliard	Unquinquagintillion
10^603	Ducentillion
10^903	Trecentillion
10^1203	Quadringentillion
10^1503	Quingentillion
10^1803	Sescentillion
10^2103	Septingentillion
10^2403	Octingentillion
10^2703	Nongentillion
10^3003	Millinillion
10^10100	Googolplex
10^101034	Skewes' Number
10^googolplex	Googolplexplex

other

Large Numbers in Fast-Growing Notation

Number Name	Expression
Moser's Number	`F^64(9)`
Graham's Number	`g_64` or approximated as `F^{g_63}(3)`
Tree(3)	`F^{F^{F^{...}}}(3)`
Rayo's Number	`F^{F^{F^{...}}}(R)`
Busy Beaver	`BB(n)`
Feigenbaum Constant	`δ ≈ 4.669201609102990...`
Chaitin's Omega	A real number, representing the halting probability of a Turing machine.

Fast-Growing Notations:

F notation: Fn(a)Fn(a) indicates an iterated exponential function, where F1(a)=aaF1(a)=aa, F2(a)=aaaF2(a)=aaa, and so on, with each step building an exponential tower.

For example:

F2(9)=999F2(9)=999
F3(9)=9999F3(9)=9999, and so on.

[https://www.hellenicaworld.com/Science/Mathematics/en/HistoryLargenumbers.html] old hindu/buddhist

Name	Value
lakṣá (लक्ष)	10^5
kōṭi (कोटि)	10^7
ayuta (अयुत)	10^9
niyuta (नियुत)	10^13
pakoti (पकोटि)	10^14
vivara (विवारा)	10^15
kshobhya (क्षोभ्या)	10^17
vivaha (विवाहा)	10^19
kotippakoti (कोटिपकोटी)	10^21
bahula (बहुल)	10^23
nagabala (नागाबाला)	10^25
nahuta (नाहूटा)	10^28
titlambha (तीतलम्भा)	10^29
vyavasthanapajnapati (व्यवस्थानापज्नापति)	10^31
hetuhila (हेतुहीला)	10^33
ninnahuta (निन्नाहुता)	10^35
hetvindriya (हेत्विन्द्रिय)	10^37
samaptalambha (समाप्तलम्भ)	10^39
gananagati (गनानागती)	10^41
akkhobini (अक्खोबिनि)	10^42
niravadya (निरावाद्य)	10^43
mudrabala (मुद्राबाला)	10^45
sarvabala (सर्वबाला)	10^47
bindu (बिंदु or बिन्दु)	10^49
sarvajna (सर्वज्ञ)	10^51
vibhutangama (विभुतन्गमा)	10^53
abbuda (अब्बुद)	10^56
nirabbuda (निर्बुद्ध)	10^63
ahaha (अहाहा)	10^70
ababa (अबाबा)	10^77
atata (अटाटा)	10^84
soganghika (सोगान्घीक)	10^91
uppala (उप्पल)	10^98
kumuda (कुमुद)	10^105
pundarika (पुन्डरीक)	10^112
paduma (पद्म)	10^119
kathana (कथन)	10^126
mahakathana (महाकथन)	10^133
asaṃkhyeya (असंख्येय)	10^140
dhvajagranishamani (ध्वजाग्रनिशमनी)	10^421
bodhisattva (बोधिसत्व)	10^37218383881977644441306597687849648128
lalitavistarautra (ललितातुलनातारासूत्र)	10^200 infinities
matsya (मत्स्य)	10^600 infinities
kurma (कूर्म)	10^2000 infinities
varaha (वराह)	10^3600 infinities
narasimha (नरसिम्हा)	10^4800 infinities
vamana (वामन)	10^5800 infinities
parashurama (परशुराम)	10^6000 infinities
rama (राम)	10^6800 infinities
khrishnaraja (खृष्णराज)	10^infinities
kalki (कल्कि)	10^8000 infinities
balarama (बलराम)	10^9800 infinities
dasavatara (दशावतार)	10^10000 infinities
bhagavatapurana (भागवतपुराण)	10^18000 infinities
avatamsakasutra (अवतांशकासूत्र)	10^30000 infinities
mahadeva (महादेव)	10^50000 infinities
prajapati (प्रजापति)	10^60000 infinities
jyotiba (ज्योतिबा)	10^80000 infinities
parvati (पार्वती)	10^2000000000000 infinities
paro (पॅरो)	10^40000000000000000000 infinities

mx.list

MX Community Main and Test Repos

deb http://mxrepo.com/mx/repo/ bookworm main non-free

#deb http://mxrepo.com/mx/testrepo/ bookworm test

#deb http://mxrepo.com/mx/repo/ bookworm ahs

debian.list

Debian Stable Updates

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

Debian Stable

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

apt install mx-tools

mx-apps mx-apps-fluxbox mx-apps-kde mx-apps-rpi mx-archive-keyring mx-boot-options mx-bootrepair mx-cleanup mx-codecs mx-comfort-themes mx-conky mx-conky-data mx-datetime mx-debian-firmware mx-debian-firmware-compat mx-desktop-menu-l10n mx-dockmaker mx-fluxbox mx-fluxbox-about mx-fluxbox-data mx-fluxbox-data-pi mx-goodies mx-gpg-keys mx-greybird-themes mx-icons-start mx-idesktool mx-idevice-mounter mx-installer mx-iphone mx-iso-template mx-launcher-l10n mx-live-usb-maker mx-locale mx-menu-editor mx-network-assistant mx-packageinstaller mx-packageinstaller-pkglist mx-remaster mx-remastercc mx-repo-list mx-repo-manager mx-rofi-manager mx-samba-config mx-select-sound mx-service-manager mx-snapshot mx-sound-theme-borealis mx-sound-theme-fresh-and-clean mx-system mx-system-kde mx-system-sounds mx-tools mx-tour mx-tweak mx-tweak-data mx-usb-unmounter mx-user mx-viewer mx-welcome mx-welcome-data mx14-artwork mx15-artwork mx16-artwork mx17-artwork mx18-artwork mx19-artwork mx21-artwork mx23-archive-keyring mx23-artwork mxfb-accessories mxfb-art mxfb-docs mxfb-goodies

mx-docs-lang , mx-faq-lang

https://github.com/MX-Linux/build-iso-mx/ https://mxrepo.com/MX21packages.html

desktop-defaults-mx-xfce lightdm-modified-init xfce4-taskmanager xfce4-terminal xfce4-whiskermenu-plugin xfce4-pulseaudio-plugin pipewire-audio

https://github.com/sindresorhus/open/blob/main/xdg-open
https://github.com/BachoSeven/mimi/blob/master/xdg-open

gio mime mimetype    
 gio info -a standard::content-type filename    
gio info -a standard::content-type fm
uri: file:///home/k/.bin/fm
local path: /home/k/.bin/fm
unix mount: /dev/sda1 /home ext4 rw,noatime
attributes:
  standard::content-type: application/x-shellscript


file --mime-type -b  fm
text/x-shellscript

cat  ~/.config/mimi/mimi.conf
TERM: foot
MENU: wofi
MENUARGS: --dmenu

audio/: mpv --player-operation-mode=pseudo-gui
video/: mpv --player-operation-mode=pseudo-gui
video/: firefox
image/: mvi
pdf: zathura

text/: $TERM  $EDITOR

text/html: firefox
text/xml: firefox
application/xhtml_xml: firefox
x-scheme-handler/http: firefox
x-scheme-handler/https: firefox
x-scheme-handler/ftp: firefox
x-scheme-handler/about = firefox
x-scheme-handler/unknown = firefox

Series	Contents
A	The base system. Contains enough software to get up and running and have a text editor and basic communication program.
AP	Various applications that do not require the X Window System.
D	Program development tools. Compilers, debuggers, interpreters, and man pages are all here.
E	GNU Emacs.
F	FAQs, HOWTOs, and other miscellaneous documentation.
GNOME	The GNOME desktop environment.
K	The source code for the Linux kernel.
KDE	The K Desktop Environment. An X environment which shares a lot of look-and-feel features with MacOS and Windows. The Qt library, which KDE requires, is also in this series.
KDEI	Internationalization packages for the KDE desktop.
L	Libraries. Dynamically linked libraries required by many other programs.
N	Networking programs. Daemons, mail programs, telnet, news readers, and so on.
T	teTeX document formatting system.
TCL	The Tool Command Language. Tk, TclX, and TkDesk.
X	The base X Window System.
XAP	X Applications that are not part of a major desktop environment (for example, Ghostscript and Netscape).
Y	BSD Console games

xdm linux merge incomplete download parts

winre install to partition

wimlib-imagex info Downloads/sources/boot.wim WIM Information:

Available Images:

how does windows boot

Fallback bootloader

Windows Boot Manager

Boot Configuration Data

Windows Boot Manager BCD

Windows Boot Loader BCD

Windows Memory Tester BCD

Windows Boot Loader

whats up video formats

container video format

Intraframe vs. Interframe compression

Profiles and Levels

codecs

bit about torrent

btih

time sync with bash /dev/tcp

to set time

view datefrom stamp

slackware try manual install

place value intl and hindu arabic

Large Numbers in Fast-Growing Notation

mx repo on debian

MX Community Main and Test Repos

Debian Stable Updates

Debian Stable

linux mime