neuroscience

 central nervous system : brain and spinal cord

peripheral nervous system : 

 

src : johns hopkins medicine

cerebellum : helps in learning new things

cortex :  4 lobes

frontal lobe : times action and control movement

 

parietal lobe : sensory touch information

 

temporal lobe : auditory information , memory 

 

occipital lobe : visual information from eye  

 

src: mindvalley blog

limbic structure  : emotion, learning,memory of animals

hippocampus : forming new memory , patient H.M

amygdala : fear and anxiety

hypothalamus : flighting,fighting,feeding,fucking

pituitary gland :

spinal cord: 90% cells are glia(glue), 

astrocytes: star shaped cells

oligendrocytes

microglia

average human 100 billion neurons

each 10,000 connections to other called synapses

 

src : simple psychlogy

Santiago Ramón y Cajal 

 

neuron is either on or off , resting potential, communicate through ions , positive ions outside 

on receiving neurotransmitter at dendrite through synapse neuron allows charge to flow in once charge inside reach action potential axon hillock allows charge to flow through axon to axon terminal where it activates vesicles contining neurotransmitter

some neurotransmitters

dopamine,adrenaline(epinephrine),serotonin,gaba(inhibit),glutamide(excit) 

 

neuromuscular junction

 

mescaline,lsd,psilocybin,

 

reuptake : proton pump , reform vesicles i.e take back neurotransmitters

 

measured in breakdown products in urine etc, cant be measured directly

 

same neurotransmitter can activate different compartments of brain

 

presynaptic and postsynaptic cell

memory and knowledge happens in synapse

 

synapse, the site of transmission of electric nerve impulses between two nerve cells (neurons) or between a neuron and a gland or muscle cell (effector). A synaptic connection between a neuron and a muscle cell is called a neuromuscular junction. 

 

hebbian plasticity

repetition drives memory

Long-term potentiation (LTP)

 hippocampus is site of memory 

 severe LTP causes PTSD

ethanol disrupts LTP

hyploglycemia

 

noise in neurons

interaction of many neurons (100 billions) 

temporal inhibition

spatial inhibition : send signal to neighbour 

pain sensation

sharp pain, dull throbbing pain

visual stimuli

edge,contrast detection 

hubel and wisel